Aesthetics

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue, caused by a mix of glandular tissue and fat. It is very common in teenagers and older men and, when it persists, is not helped by diet or exercise alone.

Liposuction removes stubborn pockets of fat that do not respond to diet and exercise — commonly the abdomen, flanks, thighs, arms or chin — to reshape the contour. It is not a weight-loss procedure.

A lipoma is a soft, benign lump of fatty tissue that grows slowly under the skin, most often on the back, shoulders, arms or neck. It is harmless but is removed if it is large, growing, painful or in a visible spot.

A hair transplant moves your own permanent hair follicles from the back and sides of the scalp to areas of thinning or baldness, most often the hairline and crown. The transplanted hair grows naturally for life.

A sebaceous (epidermoid) cyst is a smooth lump under the skin filled with keratin, with a tiny central pore. They are common on the scalp, face, neck, back and groin, and are harmless but can become inflamed or infected.

Rhinoplasty reshapes the nose — refining the tip, straightening the bridge, reducing a hump, or narrowing the nostrils — to balance it with the rest of the face. It can also be combined with septoplasty to improve breathing.

Axillary breast is a pad of extra breast tissue in the armpit, present from birth. It can enlarge with weight gain, pregnancy or hormonal changes, causing a visible bulge, chafing and tenderness before periods.

A tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) removes loose, excess skin from the lower abdomen and tightens the underlying muscles that separate during pregnancy or major weight loss. It restores a flatter, firmer profile that exercise cannot achieve once the skin and muscle are stretched.

Most breast lumps are benign — cysts, fibroadenomas or areas of thickening — but every new lump needs proper assessment to be sure. The standard 'triple assessment' combines a clinical exam, imaging (ultrasound or mammogram) and, if needed, a needle biopsy.

A double chin is a pocket of fat beneath the jaw (submental fat) that blurs the jawline. It often runs in families and can persist even at a healthy weight.

The buccal fat pads are rounded deposits of fat in the mid-cheek. Removing a portion of them slims the lower face and enhances the cheekbone-to-jaw contour, giving a more sculpted look.

Earlobe repair corrects a split, stretched or torn earlobe — from a heavy earring, an accidental pull, or deliberate stretching (gauging). The edges are freshened and stitched to rebuild a natural shape.

Blepharoplasty removes excess skin and fat from the upper and/or lower eyelids to correct hooding, puffiness and under-eye bags that make the eyes look tired or older.

A beard transplant fills patchy, thin or scarred areas of facial hair using follicles taken from the back of the scalp. The transplanted hairs grow permanently and can be trimmed and shaved like natural beard hair.

A cleft lip is a gap in the upper lip, present from birth, that occurs when the lip does not fully join during early development. It may involve the nose and, in some children, the palate as well.