Gynaecology

Surgical abortion is a safe, medically supervised procedure to end a pregnancy, usually performed in the first trimester by suction (vacuum aspiration). The procedure itself takes only a few minutes.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) ends an early pregnancy — typically under 9 weeks — using a supervised course of medication rather than surgery.

An ectopic pregnancy is one that implants outside the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube. It cannot develop safely and, if left untreated, can cause serious internal bleeding — so it is a medical emergency.

A molar pregnancy is a rare complication where abnormal tissue grows in the uterus instead of a healthy pregnancy. It needs to be removed and then carefully monitored.

A hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus. It is recommended for conditions such as large fibroids, heavy bleeding that has not responded to other treatment, endometriosis, prolapse or certain cancers.

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovary. Most are harmless and resolve on their own; some need removal if they grow large, cause pain, or look complex on a scan.

A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks. When some tissue remains in the uterus, it can be managed by watchful waiting, medication, or a minor procedure (D&C or suction evacuation) to prevent bleeding and infection.

A Bartholin cyst forms when one of the glands at the vaginal opening becomes blocked and fills with fluid. Small ones may need nothing; larger or infected ones (an abscess) are painful and need drainage.

Endometriosis is when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus — on the ovaries, tubes or pelvic lining — causing pain and sometimes fertility problems.

Adenomyosis is when tissue from the uterine lining grows into the muscular wall of the uterus, making it enlarged, tender and prone to heavy, painful periods.

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal condition that affects periods, ovulation, skin and weight, and can make conception harder.

Comprehensive antenatal care means regular check-ups, the right scans and blood tests at the right time, nutrition and lifestyle guidance, and a clear delivery plan.

Laser vaginal tightening is a non-surgical treatment that uses controlled laser energy to stimulate collagen in the vaginal wall, improving tone and, for some women, mild stress urinary leakage and dryness.

Hymenoplasty is a minor day-care procedure that reconstructs the hymen. Women choose it for personal, cultural or private reasons, and the decision is entirely their own.

Vaginoplasty is surgery to tighten and reshape the vaginal canal and surrounding muscles, often chosen after childbirth or with age-related laxity.

Labiaplasty reshapes the labia minora or majora, usually to reduce discomfort from enlarged or asymmetric labia during exercise, cycling, intercourse or in certain clothing.

Genital warts are soft growths caused by certain types of HPV. They are common and treatable, though the virus can persist and warts sometimes recur.